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MA461 Exercise Biology and Sport Performance Analysis II (15 ECTS)

Course facts

Course code

MA461

Course title

Exercise Biology and Sport Performance Analysis II

ECTS

15 ECTS

Semester

Spring

Course language

English

Academic responsible

Olivier Seynnes

Introduction

This course provides a deeper insight into

the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation we see in skeletal muscle during physical exercise and after alterations in nutrition.
biomechanical analysis of human movement and associated methodologies.
technologies to study human movements and performance.

The course is of advanced content, designed to cover current and ‘hot’ topics in these areas by members of staff who are undertaking and publishing research in those topics. The course offers 12-15 seminars with associated learning objectives and students will choose 9 of these seminars and their learning objectives.

Learning outcomes

After completing the course the student can

critically evaluate and discuss results from key research in the area.
identify relevant theories and methodologies required for applied situations.
explain and discuss the important cellular and molecular responses to exercise and nutrition and the mechanisms that initiate and control these adaptations.
discuss the possible transfer from cellular adaptations to changes in exercise performance
explain and discuss biomechanical theories and methods in the fields related to human motion and muscle function.
demonstrate understanding of sport performance analytic approaches and methods used in individual- and team sports.
illustrate how to adapt study designs in sport performance projects to fit the population, external and contextual conditions.

Learning styles and activities

An introductory lecture will be given on a specific topic before students in groups of 2-3 will read 3-4 articles (1 article per group) based on the lecture content and present one of the articles, followed by questions and group discussion.

Mandatory assignment

Students shall participate actively and sufficiently (80%) in the classes and must present at least one paper review or other assignment during the course.

The presentations/participation must be approved before the final exam.

Assessment

Essay. Graded A-F.

The students are given 14 days to hand in an essay at the end of the course, up to 6500-words (including bibliography). Essay topics will be drawn amongst topics addressed during the seminar.

Core material

NB! To open electronic articles off campus, you need to use the following VPN connection: Click here to download.

PHYSIOLOGY:
The molecular response and adaptation to resistance exercise:
Articles:
Hammarström, D., Øfsteng, S., Koll, L., Hanestadhaugen, M., Hollan, I., Apró, W., Whist, J. E., Blomstrand, E., Rønnestad, B. R., & Ellefsen, S. (2020). Benefits of higher resistance‐training volume are related to ribosome biogenesis. The Journal of Physiology, 598(3), 543-565. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278455
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Davids, C. J., Næss, T. C., Moen, M., Cumming, K. T., Horwath, O., Psilander, N., Ekblom, B., Coombes, J. S., Peake, J., Raastad, T., & Roberts, L. A. (2021). Acute cellular and molecular responses and chronic adaptations to low-load blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise in trained individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 131(6), 1731-1749. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2021
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

West, D. W. D., Baehr, L. M., Marcotte, G. R., Chason, C. M., Tolento, L., Gomes, A. V., Bodine, S. C., & Baar, K. (2016). Acute resistance exercise activates rapamycin-sensitive and -insensitive mechanisms that control translational activity and capacity in skeletal muscle: Translational activity and capacity in skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physiology, 594(2), 453-468. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP271365
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Attwaters, M., & Hughes, S. M. (2022). Cellular and molecular pathways controlling muscle size in response to exercise. The FEBS Journal, 289(6), 1428-1456. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15820
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Does skeletal muscle have a memory:
Articles:
Turner, D. C., Seaborne, R. A., & Sharples, A. P. (2019). Comparative transcriptome and methylome analysis in human skeletal muscle anabolism, hypertrophy and epigenetic memory. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 4251. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40787-0
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Blocquiaux, S., Ramaekers, M., Van Thienen, R., Nielens, H., Delecluse, C., De Bock, K., & Thomis, M. (2022). Recurrent training rejuvenates and enhances transcriptome and methylome responses in young and older human muscle. JCSM Rapid Communications, 5(1), 10-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.52
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Psilander, N., Eftestøl, E., Cumming, K. T., Juvkam, I., Ekblom, M. M., Sunding, K., Wernbom, M., Holmberg, H. C., Ekblom, B., Bruusgaard, J. C., Raastad, T., & Gundersen, K. (2019). Effects of training, detraining, and retraining on strength, hypertrophy, and myonuclear number in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 126(6), 1636–1645. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00917.2018
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper (Book Chapter):
Turner, D. C., Seaborne, R. A., & Sharples, A. P. (2022). Epigenetics and exercise. In A. P. Sharples, J. P. Morton & H. Wackerhage (Eds.), Molecular exercise physiology: An introduction (2nd ed., pp. 122-151). Routledge.
(Cleared throuch BOLK 28.11.22. / AGG - The Library).

The physiology of high intensity exercise:
Articles:
Gaitanos, G. C., Williams, C., Boobis, L. H., & Brooks, S. (1993). Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 75(2), 712-719. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.712
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Martin-Rincon, M., Gelabert-Rebato, M., Perez-Valera, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Morales-Alamo, D., Dorado, C., Boushel, R., Hallen, J., & Calbet, J. A. L. (2021). Functional reserve and sex differences during exercise to exhaustion revealed by post-exercise ischaemia and repeated supramaximal exercise. Journal of Physiology, 599(16), 3853-3878. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp281293
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Zinner, C., Morales-Alamo, D., Ørtenblad, N., Larsen, F. J., Schiffer, T. A., Willis, S. J., Gelabert-Rebato, M., Perez-Valera, M., Boushel, R., Calbet, J. A., & Holmberg, H. C. (2016). The physiological mechanisms of performanceeEnhancement with sprint interval training differ between the upper and lower extremities in humans. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00426
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Calbet, J. A. L., Martín-Rodríguez, S., Martin-Rincon, M., & Morales-Alamo, D. (2020). An integrative approach to the regulation of mitochondrial respiration during exercise: Focus on high-intensity exercise. Redox Biolology, 35, 101478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101478
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Influence of sex and female hormones on performance and response to training:
Articles:
Hansen, M., Kongsgaard, M., Holm, L., Skovgaard, D., Magnusson, S. P., Qvortrup, K., Larsen, J. O., Aagaard, P., Dahl, M., Serup, A., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Langberg, H., & Kjaer, M. (2009). Effect of estrogen on tendon collagen synthesis, tendon structural characteristics, and biomechanical properties in postmenopausal women. Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 106(4), 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90935.2008
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Lebrun, C. M., Petit, M. A., McKenzie, D. C., Taunton, J. E., & Prior, J. C. (2003). Decreased maximal aerobic capacity with use of a triphasic oral contraceptive in highly active women: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(4), 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.4.315
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Minahan, C., Joyce, S., Bulmer, A. C., Cronin, N., & Sabapathy, S. (2015). The influence of estradiol on muscle damage and leg strength after intense eccentric exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(7), 1493-1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Hansen, M. (2018). Female hormones: do they influence muscle and tendon protein metabolism? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 77(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117001951
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

The effect of nutritional interventions on muscle hypertrophy with strength training:
Articles:
Hamarsland, H., Handegard, V., Kåshagen, M., Benestad, H. & Raastad, T. (2019). No difference between spray dried milk and native whey supplementation with strength training. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 51(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001758
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Pinckaers, P. J. M., Hendriks, F. K., Hermans, W. J. H., Goessens, J. P. B., Senden, J. M., VAN Kranenburg, J. M. X., Wodzig, W. K. H. W., Snijders, T., & VAN Loon, L. J. C. (2022). Potato protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during recovery from exercise in humans. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(9), 1572-1581.
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Paulsen, G., Hamarsland, H., Cumming, K. T., Johansen, R. E., Hulmi, J. J., Borsheim, E., Wiig, H., Garthe, I. & Raastad, T. (2014). Vitamin C and E supplementation alters protein signalling after a strength training session, but not muscle growth during 10 weeks of training. Journal of Physiology, 592(24), 5391-5408. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.279950
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Stokes, T., Hector, A. J., Morton, R. W., McGlory, C., & Phillips, S. M. (2018). Recent perspectives regarding the role of dietary protein for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise training. Nutrients, 10(2). https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/2/180
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Bouviere, J., R. S. Fortunato, C. Dupuy, J. P. Werneck-de-Castro, D. P. Carvalho & R. A. Louzada (2021) Exercise-Stimulated ROS sensitive signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. Antioxidants, 10(4), 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040537
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Muscular and functional adaptations to low-load blood flow resisted exercise
Articles:
Davids, C. J., Næss, T. C., Moen, M., Cumming, K. T., Horwath, O., Psilander, N., Ekblom, B., Coombes, J. S., Peake, J., Raastad, T., & Roberts, L. A. (2021). Acute cellular and molecular responses and chronic adaptations to low-load blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise in trained individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 131(6), 1731-1749. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2021
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Hughes, L., Rosenblatt, B., Haddad, F., Gissane, C., McCarthy, D., Clarke, T., Ferris, G., Dawes, J., Paton, B., & Patterson, S. D. (2019). Comparing the effectiveness of blood flow restriction and traditional heavy load resistance training in the post-surgery rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients: A uk national health service randomised controlled trial. Sports Medicine, 49(11), 1787-1805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01137-2
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Teixeira, E. L., Ugrinowitsch, C., de Salles Painelli, V., Silva-Batista, C., Aihara, A. Y., Cardoso, F. N., Roschel, H., & Tricoli, V. (2021). Blood flow restriction does not promote additional effects on muscle adaptations when combined with high-load resistance training regardless of blood flow restriction protocol. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1194–1200. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003965
* This article is available as a PDF through Canvas.
(OK based on §15 of the Copyright Law)

Review paper:
Lixandrão, M. E., Ugrinowitsch, C., Berton, R., Vechin, F. C., Conceição, M. S., Damas, F., Libardi, C. A., & Roschel, H. (2018). Magnitude of muscle strength and mass adaptations between high-load resistance training versus low-load resistance training associated with blood-flow restriction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48(2), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0795-y
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

BIOMECHANICS:
The kinematics of human running gait:
Articles:
Dahl, J., Degens, H., Hildebrand, F., & Ganse, B. (2020). Do changes in middle-distance running kinematics contribute to the age-related decline in performance? Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 20(1), 94–100.
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Leskinen, A., Häkkinen, K., Virmavirta, M., Isolehto, J., & Kyröläinen, H. (2009). Comparison of running kinematics between elite and national-standard 1500-m runners. Sports Biomechanics, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763140802632382
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Willwacher, S., Sanno, M., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2020). Fatigue matters: An intense 10 km run alters frontal and transverse plane joint kinematics in competitive and recreational adult runners. Gait & Posture, 76, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.11.016
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Zandbergen, M. A., Marotta, L., Bulthuis, R., Buurke, J. H., Veltink, P. H., & Reenalda, J. (2022). Effects of level running-induced fatigue on running kinematics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait & Posture, 99, 60-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.09.089
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Understanding forces in the context of running and human movement:
Articles:
Hamill, J., & Gruber, A. H. (2017). Is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners? Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2017.02.004
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Paquette, M. R., Powell, D. W., & DeVita, P. (2021). Age and training volume influence joint kinetics during running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(2), 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13857
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Rice, H., & Patel, M. (2017). Manipulation of foot strike and footwear increases achilles tendon loading during running. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(10), 2411–2417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517704429
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Kim, H. K., Mirjalili, S. A., & Fernandez, J. (2018). Gait kinetics, kinematics, spatiotemporal and foot plantar pressure alteration in response to long-distance running: Systematic review. Human Movement Science, 57, 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.09.012
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Modelling and simulation of human movement:
Articles:
Meardon, S. A., & Derrick, T. R. (2014). Effect of step width manipulation on tibial stress during running. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(11), 2738–2744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.04.047
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Hiley, M. J., & Yeadon, M. R. (2008). Optimisation of high bar circling technique for consistent performance of a triple piked somersault dismount. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(8), 1730–1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.028
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Slawinski, J., Heubert, R., Quievre, J., Billat, V., & Hannon, C. (2008). Changes in spring-mass model parameters and energy cost during track running to exhaustion. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 930–936. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a4475
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Sylvester, A. D., Lautzenheiser, S. G., & Kramer, P. A. (2021). A review of musculoskeletal modelling of human locomotion. Interface Focus, 11(5), 20200060. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0060
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Musculoskeletal connective tissue: function and adaptation to training:
Articles:
Eriksen, C. S., Svensson, R. B., Gylling, A. T., Couppé, C., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjaer, M. (2019). Load magnitude affects patellar tendon mechanical properties but not collagen or collagen cross-linking after long-term strength training in older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1043-0
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Wade, L., Lichtwark, G., & Farris, D. J. (2018). Movement strategies for countermovement jumping are potentially influenced by elastic energy stored and released from tendons. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2300. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20387-0
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Baxter, J. R., Corrigan, P., Hullfish, T. J., O’Rourke, P., & Silbernagel, K. G. (2021). Exercise progression to incrementally load the achilles tendon. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(1), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002459
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Wiesinger, H.-P., Kösters, A., Müller, E., & Seynnes, O. R. (2015). Effects of increased loading on in vivo tendon properties: A systematic review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(9), 1885–1895. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000603
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Jumping capacity in testing and training?
Articles:
Helland, C., Midttun, M., Saeland, F., Haugvad, L., Olstad, D. S., Solberg, P. A., & Paulsen, G. (2020). A strength-oriented exercise session required more recovery time than a power-oriented exercise session with equal work. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10044
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Jakobsen, M. D., Sundstrup, E., Randers, M. B., Kjaer, M., Andersen, L. L., Krustrup, P., & Aagaard, P. (2012). The effect of strength training, recreational soccer and running exercise on stretch-shortening cycle muscle performance during countermovement jumping. Human Movement Science, 31(4), 970-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.10.001
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Moir, G. L. (2008). Three different methods of calculating vertical jump height from force platform data in men and women. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise, 12(4), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10913670802349766
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
McMahon, J. J., Suchomel, T., Lake, J. P., & Comfort, P. (2018). Understanding the key phases of the countermovement jump force-time curve. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 40(4), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000375
* This article is available as a PDF through Canvas.
(OK based on §15 of the Copyright Law)

APPLIED TECHNOLOGY:
The influence of pacing strategies on performance in endurance sports:
Articles:
Bellinger, P., Derave, W., Lievens, E., Kennedy, B., Arnold, B., Rice, H., & Minahan, C. (2021). Determinants of performance in paced and maximal 800-m running time trials. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 53(12), 2635-2644. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002755
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Hettinga, F. J., Edwards, A. M., & Hanley, B. (2019). The science behind competition and winning in athletics: Using world-level competition data to explore pacing and tactics. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 8(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00011
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Skorski, S., Faude, O., Abbiss, C. R., Caviezel, S., Wengert, N., & Meyer, T. (2014). Influence of pacing manipulation on performance of juniors in simulated 400-m swim competition. Internationa Journal Sports Physioliology and Performance, 9(5), 817-824. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0469
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
Abbiss, C. R., &Laursen, P. B. (2008). Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Medicine,38(3), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838030-00004
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Training analyses in team sports:
Articles:
Alexiou, H., & Coutts, A. J. (2008). A Comparison of methods used for quantifying internal training load in women soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3(3), 320-330. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.3.320
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Dalen-Lorentsen, T., Bjørneboe, J., Clarsen, B., Vagle, M., Fagerland, M. W., & Andersen, T. E. (2020). Does load management using the acute:chronic workload ratio prevent health problems? A cluster randomised trial of 482 elite youth footballers of both sexes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103003
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Starling, L. T., & Lambert, M. I. (2018). Monitoring rugby players for fitness and fatigue: What do coaches want? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(6), 777. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0416
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review paper:
West, S. W., Clubb, J., Torres-Ronda, L., Howells, D., Leng, E., Vescovi, J. D., Carmody, S., Posthumus, M., Dalen-Lorentsen, T., & Windt, J. (2021). More than a metric: How training load is used in elite sport for athlete management. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(4), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1268-8791
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Sports Aerodynamics:
Articles:
Alam, F., Chowdhury, H., Stemmer, M., Wang, Z., & Yang, J. (2012). Effects of surface structure on soccer ball aerodynamics. Procedia Engineering, 34, 146-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.026
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Blocken, B., van Druenen, T., Toparlar, Y., & Andrianne, T. (2018). Aerodynamic analysis of different cyclist hill descent positions. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 181, 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.08.010
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Giljarhus, K. E. T., Reid, R., Liland, F. F., Oggiano, L., & Elfmark, O. (2022). Aerodynamic influence of an alpine skier’s arms. Sports Engineering, 25(20). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12283-022-00385-2
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Elfmark, O., Ettema, G., Groos, D., Ihlen, E. A., Velta, R., Haugen, P., Braaten, S., & Gilgien, M. (2021). Performance analysis in ski jumping with a differential global navigation satellite system and video-based pose estimation. Sensors, 21(16), 5318. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165318
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review article:
Brownlie, L. (2021). Aerodynamic drag reduction in winter sports: The quest for “free speed”. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 235(4), 365-404.
* This article is available as a PDF through Canvas.
(OK based on §15 of the Copyright Law)

The application of sport science knowledge in elite sport practice:
Articles:
Giblin, G., Tor, E., & Parrington, L. (2016). The impact of technology on elite sports performance. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind, Brain & Culture, 12(2). http://doi.org/10.7790/sa.v12i2.436
* This article is available as a PDF through Canvas.
(OK based on §15 of the Copyright Law)

Fullagar, H. H. K., McCall, A., Impellizzeri, F. M., Favero, T., & Coutts, A. J. (2019). The translation of sport science research to the field: A current opinion and overview on the perceptions of practitioners, researchers and coaches. Sports Medicine, 49(12), 1817-1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01139-0
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Williams, S. J., & Kendall, K. (2007). Perceptions of elite coaches and sports scientists of the research needs for elite coaching practice. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(14), 1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701245550
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Houtmeyers, K. C., Jaspers, A., & Figueiredo, P. (2021). Managing the training process in elite sports: From descriptive to prescriptive data analytics. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(11), 1719-1723. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0958
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review article:
Hammes, F. (2022). Artificial intelligence in elite sports: Anarrative review of success stories and challenges. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4. 861466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.861466
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Strength & power in swimming:
Articles:
Gonjo, T., Njøs, N., Eriksrud, O., & Olstad, B.H. (2021). The relationship between selected load-velocity profile parameters and 50 m front crawl swimming performance. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 625411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.625411
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Gonjo, T., Eriksrud, O., Papoutsis, F., & Olstad, B.H. (2020). Relationships between a load-velocity profile and sprint performance in butterfly swimming. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(7), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1103-2114
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Olstad, B.H., Gonjo, T., Njøs, N., Abächerli, K., & Eriksrud, O. (2020). Reliability of load-velocity profiling in front crawl swimming. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 574306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.574306
* This article is available online: Click here to download.

Review article:
Crowley, E., Harrison, A. J., & Lyons, M. (2017). The impact of resistance training on swimming performance: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 47(11), 2285-2307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0730-2
* This article is available online: Click here to download.