This course builds on Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity, and provides a deeper overview of central topics affecting performance in sport participants of all levels. Psychological themes relevant to understanding antecedents and outcomes of young people, adults and elderly's involvement in competitive sport, exercise and physical activity, will be covered. The course will cover important topics such as individual and environmental dynamics, cultural issues, ethics, motivation, emotions, and psychobiology of abled and disabled sport participants.

The course will be taught entirely in English.

Students will be able to successfully use key sport and exercise psychology theories to inform programs and interventions for athletes and coaches:

• Motivational, cognitive, organismic and social-ecological theories and & modelsrelevant for learning, performance, and health/wellbeing effects of sport, exercise and physical activity
• The use of theories and models relating to emotions and beliefs(such as anxiety, stress, enjoyment, vitality, competence, control and attitudinal beliefs) in sport, exercise and physical activity - in order to design interventions affecting learning, performance, health/well-being and behavior change
• The use of social influence(such as group dynamics, social support, modeling and relatedness) in improving learning, well-being and performance for sport and exercise participants of different levels and age groups
• The use of adaptive and maladaptive self-regulation (such as planning, monitoring, goal setting, self-handicapping etc.) in order to facilitate learning, performance development well-being in sport and exercise 

3 weeks of intensive course work Monday -Friday. Week 1 and 2 comprise lectures, individual & group coursework, discussion & student presentations of assignments. Week 3 individual work on written literature review (final exam). Students shall participate actively and sufficiently in the classes. The student forfeits the right to take the final examination (see below) if the given group assignment has not been conducted by set deadline, or if conducted assignment are not approved.

• Group assignment written outline with oral presentation during course (approved/not approved)
• Final examination: One-week individually written literature review (graded A-F).

ELECTRONIC ARTICLES:

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Abrahamsen, F. E. & Pensgaard, A. M. (2012). Longitudinal changes in motivational climate and performance anxiety among elite handball players. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 24(1), 31-42.
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Allen, M., Jones, M. V. & Sheffield, D. (2010). The Influence of positive reflection on attributions, emotions, and self-efficacy. The Sport Psychologist, 24(2), 211-226.
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Allen, M. S., Jones, M. V. & Sheffield, D. (2011). Are the causes assigned to unsatisfactory performance related to the intensity of emotions experienced after competition? Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 7(1), 3-10.
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Amorose, A. J., Anderson-Butcher, D. & Cooper, J. (2009). Predicting changes in athletes' well-being from changes in need satisfaction over the course of a competitive season. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(2), 386-392.
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Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N. & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport and Exercise Pscyhology, 2(2), 215-233.
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Beilock, S. L. & Carr, T. H. (2001). On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 701-725.
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Beilock, S. L. & Gonso, S. (2008). Putting in the mind versus putting on the green: Expertise, performance time, and the linking of imagery and action. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(6), 920-932.
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Carron, A. V., Burke, S. M. & Prapavessis, H. (2004). Self-presentation and group influence. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(1), 41-58.
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Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hagger, M. S. & Brickell, T. (2008). Using the construct of perceived autonomy support to understand social influence within the theory of planned behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(1), 27-44.
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Coffee, P. (2010). Attributions: Contemporary research and future directions. Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 6(2), 6-18.
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Cresswell, S. L. & Eklund, R. C. (2007). Athlete burnout: A longitudinal qualitative study. The Sport Psychologist, 21(1), 1-20.
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Eriksen, H. R., Murison, R., Pensgaard, A. M. & Ursin, H. (2005). Cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS): From fish brains to the Olympics. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30(10), 933-938.
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Evans, L., Hardy, L. & Fleming, S. (2000). Intervention strategies with injured athletes: An action research study. The Sport Psychologist, 14(2), 188-206.
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Eysenck, M .W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R. & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, 336-353.
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Fournier, J. F., Calmels, C., Durand-Bush, N. & Salmela, J. H. (2005). Effects of a season-long PST program on gymnastic performance and on psychological skill development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(1), 59-77.
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Friesen, A. & Orlick, T. (2010). A Qualitative analysis of holistic sport psychology consultants' professional philosophies. The Sport Psychologist, 24(2), 227-244.
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Giacobbi, P. R., Jr., Hausenblas, H. A., Fallon, E. A. & Hall, C. A. (2003). Even more about exercise imagery: A grounded theory of exercise imagery. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(2), 160-175.
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Gutkind, S. (2004). Using solution-focused brief counseling to provide injury support. The Sport Psychologist, 18(1), 75-88.
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Hill, D. M., Hanton, S., Matthews, N. & Fleming, S. (2010). Choking in sport: A review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Pscyhology, 3(1), 24-39.
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Hodge, K., Danish, S. & Martin, J. (2012). Developing a conceptual framework for life skills interventions framework for life skills interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 1-28.
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Hodge, K., Lonsdale, C. & Ng, J. Y. Y. (2008). Burnout in elite rugby: Relationships with basic psychological needs fulfilment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(8), 835-844.
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Holmes, P. S. & Collins, D. J. (2001). The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(1), 60-83.
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Johnson, U., Ekengren, J. & Andersen, M. B. (2005). Injury prevention in Sweden: Helping soccer players at risk. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27(1), 32-38.
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Lemyre, P. N., Hall, H. K. & Roberts, G. C. (2008). A social cognitive approach to burnout in elite athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 18(2), 221-234.
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Lemyre, P.-N., Treasure, D. C. & Roberts, G. C. (2006). Influence of variability in motivation and affect on elite athlete burnout susceptibility. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28(1), 32-48.
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Mallet, C. J. (2005). Self-determination theory: A case study of evidence-based coaching. The Sport Psychologist, 19(4), 417-429.
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Masters, R. & Maxwell, J. (2008). The theory of reinvestment. International Review of Sport and Exercise Pscyhology, 1(2), 160-183.
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McArdle, S. & Moore, P. (2012). Applying evidence-based principles from CBT to sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist, 26(2), 299-310.
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Milne, M., Hall, C. & Forwell, L. (2005). Self-efficacy, imagery use, and adherence to rehabilitation by injured athletes. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 14(2), 150-167.
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Mullen, R. & Hardy, L. (2010). Conscious processing and the process goal paradox. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32(3), 275-297.
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Nordbotten, T., Abrahamsen, F .E. & Karlsen, J. (2012). Motivational climate and self-handicapping in elite junior golf. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 24(1), 43-58.
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Prapavessis, H., Grove, J. & Eklund, R. (2004). Self-presentational issues in competition and sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(1), 19-40.
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Reinboth, M. & Duda, J. L. (2004). The motivational climate, perceived ability, and athletes' psychological and physical well-being. The Sport Psychologist, 18(3), 237-251.
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Reinboth, M. & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(3), 269-286.
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Shearer, D. A., Holmes, P. & Mellalieu, S. D. (2009). Collective efficacy in sport: the future from a social neuroscience perspective. International Review of Sport and Exercise Pscyhology, 2(1), 38-53.
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Skinner, N. & Brewer, N. (2004). Adaptive approaches to competition: Challenge appraisals and positive emotion. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26(2), 283-305.
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Smith, D., Collins, D. & Holmes, P. (2003). Impact and mechanism of mental practice effects on strength. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(3), 293-306.
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Smith, R.E. (2006). Understanding sport behavior: A cognitive-affective processing systems approach. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(1), 1-27.
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Standage, M., Duda, J. L. & Pensgaard, A. M. (2005). The effect of competitive outcome and task-involving, ego-involving, and cooperative structures on the psychological well-being of individuals engaged in a co-ordination task: A self-determination approach. Motivation and Emotion, 29(1), 41-68.
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Thomas, O., Maynard, I. & Hanton, S. (2007). Intervening with athletes during the time leading up to competition: Theory to practice II. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(4), 398-418.
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Ursin, H. & Eriksen, H.R. (2004). The cognitive activation theory of stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(5), 567-592.
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Waldén, M., Hägglund, M. & Ekstrand, J. (2005). Injuries in Swedish elite football: A prospective study on injury definitions, risk for injury and injury pattern during 2001. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 15, 118-125.
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Williams, A. M., Vickers, J. & Rodrigues, S. (2002). The effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo's processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24(4), 438-455.
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Williams, S. & Cumming, J. (2012). Challenge vs. threat: Investigating the effect of using imagery to manipulate stress appraisal of a dart throwing task. Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 8(1), 4-21.
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Wong, W. L., Masters, R. S. W., Maxwell, J. P. & Abernathy, A. B. (2008). Reinvestment and falls in community-dwelling older adults. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 22, 410-414.
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BOOK CHAPTERS:

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Abernathy, B., Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., van der Kamp, J. & Jackson, R. C. (2007). Attentional processes in skill learning and expert performance. In: G.Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed.). (pp. 245-263). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA
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Hanin, Y. L. (2007). Emotions in sport: Current issues and perspectives. In: G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed.). (pp. 31-58). Hoboken, New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA
The book is also available online: Click here to download.

Hanrahan, S. J. & Biddle, S. J. H. (2008). Attributions and perceived control. In: T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (3rd ed.). (pp. 99-114). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA

Hatfield, B. D. & Kerick, S. E. (2007). The psychology of superior pport Performance: A cognitive and affective neuroscience perspective. In: G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed.). (pp. 84-109). Hoboken, New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA
The book is also available online: Click here to download.

Masters, R. (2008). Skill learning the implicit way - say no more! In: D. Farrow, J. Baker & C. MacMahon (Eds.), Developing sport expertise: Researchers and coaches put theory into practice. (pp. 89-103). London: Routledge.
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA
The book is also available online/electronic: Click here to download
The Library has also the newst edition of this book (2013, 2nd ed.): ORIA

Ntoumanis, N. (2012). A self-determination theory perspective on motivation in sport physical education: Current trends and possible future research directions. In: G. C. Roberts & D. C. Treasure (Eds.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (3rd ed.). (pp. 91-128). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.
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COLLECTION OF PAPERS:
Abrahamsen, F. E. (Ed.). (2015). MA403: Advanced psychology of sport: Våren 2016. (Collection of Papers). Oslo: Norges idrettshøgskole.
This will be handed out.

The reference list for the collection of papers above:
Eysenck, M. W. & Calvo, M .G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6(6), 409-434.

Masters, R. S. W. (1992). Knowledge, knerves, and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology, 83(3), 343-358.

Pensgaard, A. M. & Abrahamsen, F .E. (2012). Potentials and pitfalls: Long-term versus short-term sport psychology involvement with Olympic and Paralympic athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 3(2), 119-126.

Perreault, S., Gaudreau, P., Lapointe, M.-C. & Lacroix, C. (2007). Does it take three to tango? Psychological need satisfaction and athlete burnout. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 38(4), 437-450.