Students shall dedicate themselves to acquiring research based knowledge about the central motivational processes and constructs that have meaning for children and adults taking part in physical activity, exercise and sport. Students shall acquire sport psychological knowledge and insight into promoting the motivation of individuals within learning and achievement contexts, and promoting the learning and development of individuals in physical activity and sports.

Knowledge
The students should know:

• general understanding of the process of motivation;
• general understanding of the major approaches to motivation in sport and exercise
• general understanding of the expertise development process and its relationship with the major motivational approaches in sport and exercise

Skills
Students should know:

• how to interpret motivation research;
• how to develop basic but appropriate motivation interventions
• how to interpret expertise development research
• how to design learning environments to optimize motivation and development

Classes will go through the whole of the Autumn semester. The structure of the course will be a combination of formal lectures and discussion, some individual and group work that will be student driven, and presentation of projects.

Individual written assignments - Pass/fail.  In order to be permitted to do the final exam, students must fulfill the work requirements by passing 2 out of 3 assignments.

All assignments must be submitted via Fronter, and will be run through Ephorus for plagiarism control.

Individual written exam - Graded  4 hours.

Recourses/materials which may be used in the exam: Dictionary

MAIN TEXTBOOK:
Roberts, G.C. & Treasure, D.C. (Eds.). (2012). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (3rd ed.). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.
Pages to read: 5-58, 91-128, 207-228, 233-270, 271-298 and 357-386:
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA

PART FROM A BOOK:
Gray, P. O. (2010). Psychology (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
Pages to read: 137-230:
You will find the book in the Library here: ORIA


ONLINE ARTCLES :
NB! To open electronic articles and books off campus, you must use the following VPN connection: Click here to download.

Baker, J., Cobley, S. & Fraser-Thomas, J. (2009). What do we know about early sport specialization? Not much! High Ability Studies, 20, 77-89.
This article is available online: Click here to download

Bhalla, J. A., & Weiss, M. R. (2013). A cross-cultural perspective of parental influence on female adolescents' achievement beliefs and behaviors in sport and school domains. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(4), 494-505.
This article is available online: Click here to download

Jaarsma, E.A., Geertzen, J. H. B., De Jong, R., Dijkstra, P.U. & Dekker, R. (2013). Barriers and facilitators of sports in Dutch Paralympic athletes: An explorative study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 23,1-7.
This article is available online: Click here to download

Sæbu, M. & Sørensen, M. (2011). Factors associated with physical activity among young adults with a disability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21, 730-738.
This article is available online: Click here to download

Hagiwara, H., & Wolfson, S. (2012). Attitudes towards soccer coaches? Use of punishment in Japan and England: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 11, 57-69.
This one is not available online, it will be handed out.


DIGITAL COMPENDIUM:
Tynke, T. (Ed.). (2015). TCI 250: Sports Psycology 1 - Motivational and learning in sport and physical activity. (Digital compendium). Oslo: Norges idrettshøgskole.
This will be available through Fronter.

The referencelist for the Digital Compendium, in APA-style:
Bauer & Baumeister, R.F. (2011). Self-regulatory strength. In: K.D. Vohs & R.F. Baumeister, Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications (2nd ed.). (pp. 64-82). New York: The Guilford Press.

Biddle, S. & Mutrie, N. (2008). Motivation through feelings of competence and confidence: I think I can, I know I can! In: S. Biddle & N. Mutrie, Psychology of physical activity. (pp. 100-117). London: Routledge.

MacNamara & Collins (2012). Building talent development systems on mechanistic principles: Making them better at what makes them good. In: J. Baker, S. Cobley, & J. Schorer, Talent identification and development in sport. (pp. 25-38). New York: Routledge.

Maddison, R. & Prapavessis, H. (2007). Self-handicapping in sport: A self-presentation strategy. In: Jowett & Lavallee, Social psychology in sport. (pp. 209-220). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.

Ommundsen, O. & Lemyre, P.R. (2007). Self-regulation and strategic learning: The role of motivational beliefs and the learning environment in physical education. In: J. Liukkonen et al., Psychology for physical educators: Student in focus (2nd ed). (pp. 141-173). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.

Rawn & Vohs, K.D. (2011). When people strive for self-harming goals: Sacrificing personal health for interpersonal success. In: K.D. Vohs & R.F. Baumeister, Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications (2nd ed). (pp. 374-389). New York: The Guilford Press.

Smoll, F.L. & Cumming, S.P. (2006). Enhancing coach-parent relationships in youth sports: Increasing harmony and minimizing hassle. In: J.M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (5th ed.). (pp. 192-204). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Higgins, T. (2011). Human self-regulation and emotion. In: M.A.Gernsbacher, Pew, Hough & Pomerantz, Psychology and the real world: Essays illustrating fundamental contributions to society. (pp. 147-152). New York: Worth Publishers.

Weinberg, R.S. Gould, D. (2011). Children and sport psychology. In: R.S. Weinberg & D. Gould, Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (5th ed.). (pp. 513-532). Champaign, Ill.: Han Kinetics.

Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D. (2011). Welcome to sport and exercise psychology. In: R.S. Weinberg & D. Gould, Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (5th ed.). (pp. 3-26). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.