The purpose of the course is to focus on contemporary sport psychology as it is practiced in Europe and elsewhere. The course covers the history and current issues in sport psychology, individual dynamics, motivation, pro-social and moral functioning, coaching effectiveness, and the application of psychological principles to sport, exercise, and physical education behaviour.

1. Introduction to Sport and Exercise Psychology

• Academic and applied issues
• Current issues.

2. Individual differences and behaviour in sport and exercise

•  Arousal and anxiety   
• The dynamics of motivation in sport and exercise                        
       a. Motivation define
       b. History of motivation research
       c. From mechanism to cognitions
       d. Contemporary approaches to motivation:
• The enhancement of motivation in sport and exercise

3. Moral and pro-social behaviour.

• Socialisation into and through sport and exercise.
• Cheating in sport
• Moral functioning and its determinants.

4. Coaching effectiveness

5. Applied sport psychology

• The role of the consultant in sport.
• The ethics of consulting
• The substance of consulting
      a.     Arousal, anxiety and stress management
      b.     Attentional processes and sport behaviour
      c.     The optimisation of motivation
      d.     Interpersonal relationships and sport performance
      e.     Coping with athletic injury

This will be 20 SP, or approximately 25 contact hours, all lecture/discussion, with 15 hours of group discussion. The group discussions will require a written response from each student that will be part of the overall evaluation of the student.

For å gå opp til eksamen kreves godkjent oppmøte og aktiv deltakelse på seminaret herunder fremleggelse av individuelle oppgaver/gruppeoppgaver som vil bli vurdert til bestått/ikke bestått. Antall fremleggelser vil bli spesifisert ved emnestart.

Studentene skal ved slutten av seminaret skrive en individuell oppgave som en 14-dagers hjemmeeksamen. Oppgaven skal trekkes. Besvarelsen skal være på maksimalt 20 sider (1 ½ linjeavstand) + litteraturliste. Det gis gradert karakter.

In addition to the readings presented below, readings may be added as needed. If we add any readings, they will be distributed in class.

Important note
In addition, we have some students who do not have the background from our undergraduate programme. It is important that students have had IIS 210 before the course. We assume that you have that knowledge, and we build on that knowledge in the Master's programme. Therefore, I have a series of readings that are highly recommended for those whose background s weak: Those readings are marked with a *.  Those that have had IIS 210, need not read these readings, they repeat what you have learned in IIS 210. For those students without the necessary background, you are strongly recommended to read these materials.

Introduction to Sport Psychology
Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Kap. 1, s.3-20. - (References included as illustrated here mean the reading is in the text.)
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Martens, R.  (1979): About smocks and jocks. - In: Journal of Sport Psychology. - Vol. 1, nr. 2, s. 94‑99. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har denne årgangen/volum kun som trykt utgave. Du må selv kopiere artikkelen).

*If you have not taken IIS 210 in the undergraduate programme, a recommended reading is:

Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Kap. 2, s.21-38.
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Individual differences and behaviour in sport and exercise
* Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Part 2, kap. 3, s.39-82, kap. 5, s. 101-184
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Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Kap. 7, s. 207-242.
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Eys, M.A., Hardy, J., & Carron, A.V. (2003): The relationship between task cohesion and competitive state anxiety. - In: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology - Vol. 25, s. 66-76. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet både som trykt og elektronisk utgave. Den elektroniske utgaven finner du her).

Owen, T. & Maynard, I. (2004): Temporal aspects of competitive anxiety and self-confidence as a function of anxiety perceptions. - The Sport Psychologist. - Vol. 18, s.172-187. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet både som trykt og elektronisk utgave. Den elektroniske utgaven finner du her).

European perspectives on exercise and sport psychology / Stuart J.H. Biddle. - Leeds : Human Kinetics, c1995. - s. 3-20, s. 246-266
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[Research on motivation and achievement] / editors: Martin L. Maehr, Paul R. Pintrich. - Greenwich, Conn. : JAI Press, c1997. - (Advances in motivation and achievement ; vol. 10). - s. 413-447
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Advances in motivation in sport and exercise / Glyn C. Roberts, editor. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2001. - s.1-50, s. 79-100.
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Handbook of sport psychology / edited by Robert N. Singer, Heather A. Hausenblas and Christopher M. Janelle. - 2nd ed. - New York : J. Wiley, c2001. - s. 695-717.
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Ommundsen, Y. (2001): Pupils' affective responses in PE: the association of implicit theories of the nature of ability and achievement goals. - In: European Physical Education Review. - Vol. 7, s. 219-240. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet både som trykt og elektronisk utgave. Den elektroniske utgaven finner du her).

Ommundsen, Y. (2004): Self-handicapping related to task and performance-approach and avoidance goals in physical education. - In: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. - Vol.16, s. 183-197. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet både som trykt og elektronisk utgave. Den elektroniske utgaven finner du her).

Motivation in sport and exercise / Glyn C. Roberts, editor. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics Books, c1992. - s. 161‑176.
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Vallerand, R. & Losier, G.F. (1999): An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. - In: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. - Vol. 11, s. 142-169. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har denne årgangen/volum kun som trykt utgave. Du må selv kopiere artikkelen).

Moral and pro-social behaviour
Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Kap. 8, s.243-280. * Kap 12, s. 277-402
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Handbook of research on sport psychology / sponsored by the International Society of Sport Psychology ; edited by Robert N. Singer, Milledge Murphey, L. Keith Tennant. - New York : Macmillan, c1993. s- s. 695-717.
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Kavussanu, M. & Roberts, G.C. (2001): Moral functioning in sport: an achievement goal perspective. - In: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - Vol. 23, s. 37-54. -  (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet både som trykt og elektronisk utgave. Den elektroniske utgaven finner du her). 

Ommundsen, Y., Roberts, G.C., Lemyre, P.N. & Treasure, D. (2003): Perceived motivational climate in male youth soccer: relations to social-moral functioning, sportspersonship and team-norm perceptions. - In: Psychology of Sport & Exercise. - Vol. 4, s. 397-413. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har denne årgangen/volum kun som trykt utgave. Du må selv kopiere artikkelen).

Roberts, G.C. (2003): Cheating in sport: Why do we do it, and what you can we do about it. Insight: The F.A. - Coaches Journal. - Vol. 7, nr. 1, s. 33-36. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har ikke dette tidsskriftet).

Coaching effectiveness
Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Kap. 10, s. 309-354
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Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.L. & Curtis, B. (1979): Coach effectiveness training:  A cognitive‑behavioral approach to enhancing relationships in youth sports coaches. - In: Journal of Sport Psychology. - Vol. 1, s. 59‑75. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet kun som trykt utgave. Du må selv kopiere artikkelen).

Applied sport psychology
Advances in sport psychology / Thelma S. Horn, editor. - 2nd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics, c2002. - Kap. 13, s. 405-440, kap. 14, s. 441-458, kap. 15, s. 459-500 og kap. 17. s. 529-554.
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Jones, G. (1993): The role of performance profiling in cognitive behavioral interventions in sport. - In: The Sport Psychologist. - Vol. 7, s. 160-172. - (Biblioteket ved NIH har dette tidsskriftet kun som trykt utgave. Du må selv kopiere artikkelen).

Hardy, Lew (1996): Understanding psychological preparation for sport : theory and practice of elite performers / Lew Hardy, Graham Jones, Daniel Gould. - Chichester : John Wiley. - s. 173-202.
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* Weinberg, Robert S. (2003): Foundations of sport and exercise psychology / Robert S. Weinberg, Daniel Gould. - 3rd ed. - Champaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics. - s. 239-379.
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